Glossary

Energy storage glossary

Plain-language definitions of the 30 terms that matter when you size a home or commercial backup system, from LiFePO4 and BMS to peak shaving and LCOE. Each entry links to a full explanation with the numbers behind it.

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Battery technology

8 terms
LiFePO4Lithium iron phosphate, the safe, long-life chemistry behind most modern home storage. BMSThe Battery Management System that keeps a battery safe and monitored. DoD (Depth of Discharge)The share of capacity used in a cycle. SOC (State of Charge)The real-time percentage of energy left. SOH (State of Health)Current usable capacity as a percentage of the original. Cycle LifeHow many cycles a battery lasts before capacity falls to 80 percent. C-rateThe charge or discharge rate as a multiple of capacity. 48V vs 12VThe system-voltage choice; 48V is the modern home-storage standard.

System modes

3 terms
Off-gridRunning a home or site with no connection to the utility grid. Grid-tieOperating synchronized with and connected to the grid. Island ModeAutomatically disconnecting to power loads on its own during an outage.

Components

3 terms
Hybrid InverterOne unit that combines grid, battery, and solar functions. MPPTThe solar-tracking that maximizes the energy harvested from panels. Transfer SwitchThe device that switches a home between grid and backup power.

Coupling architecture

2 terms
DC-coupledSolar charges the battery through a single DC conversion. AC-coupledSolar feeds AC first, then converts to charge the battery.

Performance and sizing

4 terms
kWhThe unit of energy capacity, the starting point for sizing. Backup TimeThe load-dependent hours a battery powers your home in an outage. Critical LoadsThe priority circuits you keep running during a blackout. Round-trip EfficiencyEnergy out versus energy in over a full cycle.

Commercial and grid-scale

4 terms
ESS (Energy Storage System)The full battery, inverter, and control package. BESSThe term for commercial and grid-scale battery installations. Containerized BESSA pre-integrated battery system in a container enclosure. Virtual Power PlantMany distributed batteries aggregated to act as one grid resource.

Tariffs and economics

6 terms
Peak ShavingDischarging during peak-demand periods to cut grid draw. Load ShiftingStoring energy to use it at a cheaper or cleaner time. Time-of-UseElectricity priced differently by time of day. Net MeteringCredit for surplus solar exported to the grid. Self-consumptionThe share of generated solar used on site. LCOEThe lifetime cost of a system per unit of energy delivered.

Now see the systems behind the terms

You know the vocabulary. See the LiFePO4 batteries, hybrid inverters, and commercial BESS these terms describe, built in our own factory and stocked in Odesa for delivery across Ukraine.

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